Climate Policy

Climate Policy 5 (2005) 199–208

Research Article

Can the EU emission trading scheme support CDM forestry?

Bernhard Schlamadinger, Benoit Bosquet, Charlotte Streck, Ian Noble, Michael Dutschke and Neil Bird

Received 20 April 2005 ; received in revised form 22 June 2005 ; accepted 22 June 2005

The European Commission is mandated to consider the inclusion of credits from land-use projects under the clean development mechanism (CDM) and joint implementation (JI), beginning with the second period of the European Union’s emission trading scheme (ETS) in its report due in July 2006. Temporary credits from afforestation and reforestation under the CDM are seen by many as posing a technical problem for their use under the ETS. This article summarizes three feasible, efficient and environmentally sound alternatives for achieving the integration of such temporary credits in the European emissions trading market starting in 2008. The first proposal integrates tCERs and lCERs (temporary credits) into the EU ETS by allowing for their direct use for compliance purposes. The second proposal builds on the idea of swapping temporary credits for EU allowances (EUAs) by Member States. The third proposal would not require a political decision at the EU level. Instead supportive Member States or private carbon fund operators would agree to swap temporary credits for the CERs or ERUs they hold in their accounts. All three solutions would be linked to a risk-mitigation strategy based on levying a fee or fixing an exchange rate, which would allow governments to hedge the risk of losing temporary credits.

Keywords: CDM; ETS; LULUCF; Linking directive; Afforestation; Reforestation; Carbon sequestration; Temporary credits

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